Mesopotamia's Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian civilizations produced much of the world's earliest writing, science, mathematics, legal systems and philosophy. The Republic of Iraq was established in 1919 and granted independence in 1932. Iraq's complex history took a new turn with the US-led invasion in 2003. The country's oil provides about 95% of its foreign exchange earnings.

National Geographic supports K-12 educators with ELA Common Core Resources.
Visit www.natgeoed.org/commoncore for more information.

This book is part of a book series called Countries Of the World .

There are 64 pages in this book. This book was published 2007 by National Geographic Society .

Charlie Samuels is an experienced author of history books for children.